![rs-918 cw decoder rs-918 cw decoder](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/MGIjoGcT2Ek/maxresdefault.jpg)
Yet, it typically takes more than ten years to put an average drug to the market. Among various nonstructural proteins, viral papain-like (PL) proteinase, main protease (or 3CL protease), RNA polymerase, and endoribonuclease are the common targets in antiviral drug discovery. The leader sequence and ORF1ab encode nonstructural proteins for RNA replication and transcription. (28) It has a genome size of 29.99 kb, which encodes for multiple nonstructural and structural proteins. The first SARS-CoV-2 genome was reported on January 5, 2020. The genomic information underpins the development of antiviral medical interventions, prophylactic vaccines, and viral diagnostic tests. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-strand RNA virus that belongs to the beta coronavirus genus. In particular, we have identified mutations on 40% of nucleotides in the nucleocapsid gene in the population level, signaling potential impacts on the ongoing development of COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccines, and antibody and small-molecular drugs. We introduce mutation ratio and mutation h-index to characterize the protein conservativeness and unveil that SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein, main protease, and endoribonuclease protein are relatively conservative, while SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, spike protein, and papain-like protease are relatively nonconservative. Based on the genotyping of 15 140 genome samples collected up to June 1, 2020, we report that SARS-CoV-2 has undergone 8309 single mutations which can be clustered into six subtypes. Much of this development has been based on the reference genome collected on January 5, 2020. Tremendous effort has been given to the development of diagnostic tests, preventive vaccines, and therapeutic medicines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).